Evolution Is A Fact Or An Opinion - 1794 Words

The issue centered on the argument of whether evolution is a fact or an opinion has been discussed ever since the idea of evolution was introduced. The purpose of this paper is to argue that evolution is a fact, and therefore a theory. Those who disagree with this statement generally looks at the argument with a religious background rather than a scientific one. There is an abundance of evidence that supports the argumentative side that supports evolution and very little evidence that supports the religious side, which is why the argument that evolution is a fact is much stronger. To begin, it is important to distinguish the difference between a fact, a theory, and an opinion. A fact is â€Å"a thing that has actually happened; something that is verifiably and scientifically true† (The Language of Philosophy and Ethics: Terms and Definitions). In other words, a fact is something that is true and has proof to support it. There is a common misconception about what a theory actua lly is. For the purpose of this paper, the scientific definition of theory is used, a theory is, â€Å"a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a vast body of evidence†(Is Evolution a Theory or a Fact?). A theory is not simply an idea or weak assumption made by one, it is a statement that has a lot of information gathered to support it, which is exactly what evolution is. These two definitions go hand in hand, which makes it appropriate to say that evolution is a fact, and aShow MoreRelatedThe, Anti Evolution And The State Of Arkansas870 Words   |  4 PagesFacts: The parties in this case are the appellant, Susan Epperson an Arkansas public high school teacher, and the State of Arkansas. Ms. Epperson brought legal action against the State of Arkansas in order to challenge the Constitutional legitimacy of the State’s â€Å"Anti-evolution† law. The â€Å"Anti-evolution† law made it illegal for any teacher in a state suppor ted school to teach evolution or to use a book, which included the theory. Ms. Epperson believed the State’s prohibition of teaching evolutionRead MoreEssay about Arguing Evolution1120 Words   |  5 PagesArguing Evolution There is a blurry and indistinct line between giving the best possible scientific support for a theory in which one strongly believes that has only incomplete evidence, and writing a persuasive piece that will draw people to one side of an argument based on feelings as well as facts. Indeed, there may be no line at all, upon close inspection, but that would be an unpleasant thought to most scientists, who value their ability to write objective reports on subjects and end upRead MoreCreation Versus Evolution in Schools770 Words   |  3 PagesCreation vs. Evolution: the School Front Despite great efforts to convince the opposing belief for centuries, a battle still brews amongst creationists and evolutionists over the beginning of life and the universe, but neither opinions’ palpability can be firmly upheld through scientific manners. Since science can only prove hypotheses that are testable and based on current observations, neither creation nor evolutionary concepts can be proven with irrefutable evidence. However, regardless of theRead MoreEssay on Creation vs. Evolution in the Public Schools1342 Words   |  6 Pagesevolutionists over the beginning of life and the universe, but neither opinions’ palpability can be firmly upheld through scientific manners. Since science can only prove hypotheses that are testable and based on current observations, neither creation nor evolutionary concepts can be proven with irrefutable evidence. However, regardless of the inability to prove either concept, most public school systems promote evolution as a scientific fact. Many students who lack firm beliefs about the origin of lifeRead MoreEvolution Of Science Classes At School1653 Words   |  7 Pagesabout evolution in science classes at school. I soon discovered that many of the teachings of evolution contradicted with what I had been taught my whole life, and it took me awhile to understand what I now believe. When picking my paper’s topic, these thoughts caused me to think about a heavily debated issue in the United States: Should evolution be taught in American public schools? The debate over evolution being taught in schools coincides with the debate over whether or not evolution is trueRead MoreCreation Theories Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagesable to depict different theories of creation. The Old and New Testament are not considered in many people, but it is known by all. Theories that have affected different religions are creation, evolution, and mythology. With 6,775,235,700 people walking the earth, every person has his/her personal opinions about the world’s existence. In the book of Genesis, Christian Scholars have described the work of God in his seven days of constructing the world. Waters, land, light, humankind, etc. wereRead MoreThe Scopes Trial And Creationism1053 Words   |  5 PagesCreationism and Evolution have always been a topic in America since the Scopes Trial. The Scopes Trial took place in 1928 when the Supreme Court was deciding whether schools should teach Evolution or Creationism. The foundation of evolution is based upon the belief that the origin of all ordered complex systems, including living creatures, can be explained by natural laws without the intervention of God. In that trial the Supreme Court came to a conclusion that Evolution was banned and that creationismRead More`` Undeniable : Evolution And Science Of Creation, By Bill Nye1410 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that humans have existed in their present form since the beginning of time. In his new book â€Å"Undeniable: Evolution and the Science of Creation,† Bill Nye tries to prove evolution and debunk the ideas of creationism. His idea to write the book started from a controversial debate between himself and Ken Ham, creation against evolution. Ken Ham challenged him to prove that evolution was undeniable. The book starts from the beginning of time as Nye explains life on earth evolving and continuesRead MoreCreationism vs. Evolutionism in Public Schools1538 Words   |  7 PagesDebate: Creationism vs. Evolution in Schools: 1st Affirmative Constructive Speech Creationism and Evolutionism by definition are very different topics. Currently, evolutionary naturalism is the most widely taught view of origins in America. In schools in the modern day, only evolutionism is taught and condoned. But before the 1920s, only creationism was taught, and evolution was forbidden. Then, on February 20, 2008, the Florida State Board of Education voted to revise the public school guidelinesRead MoreWhy Creationism Should Be Taught919 Words   |  4 Pagesbegins her essay by discussing how teaching creationism has been banned from the public school system. She goes into discussing how ever since the Scopes Trial, â€Å"Evolution has been taught in schools thus pushing creationism aside, until its teaching was completely prohibited in schools,† she says. Vanessa goes on to say that the theory of evolution itself is not even a scientific study. She makes this claim stating that it cannot be observed or verified. She makes many claims to back up her s tatement about

Essay about How can Gatsby be called Great - 1327 Words

The title of F Scott Fitzgerald’s novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ can be seen as incredibly ironic: not only can the ‘greatness’ of the eponymous character be vehemently contested, he is not even named ‘Gatsby’. In fact, he is a criminal, James Gatz, who, although he appears to be an epitome of the idealistic American Dream, having grown from an impoverished childhood into a life of excess and splendour, he has obtained everything through crime and corruption. Indeed, it has been said that ‘The Great Gatsby’ is â€Å"a parable of disenchantment with the ‘American Dream’† , and it is, for the American Dream is the idea that â€Å"through hard work, courage and determination, one could achieve prosperity.† James Gatz did not obtain his prosperous lifestyle†¦show more content†¦He appears to be taken in by Gatsby, by the glamour, the light, and the initial conception that Gatsby is an epitome of the American Dream. After all, Nick himself was incredibly isolated, even though he was in the city. He describes how â€Å"at the enchanted metropolitan twilight I felt a haunting loneliness†, how his house was â€Å"a small eyesore† next to the two huge mansions, in the â€Å"less fashionable† of the two Eggs of land on Long Island. He is incredibly isolated in this world, and so gets drawn in by Gatsby’s world, the house, the parties and the man himself: There was music from my neighbour’s house through the summer nights. In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like moths among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars. (Chapter 3) This lavish description is an example of how Nick is taken in by Gatsby and his world. Whereas to others, these parties would be perhaps commonplace, he is in complete awe. This is evidence for Nick’s, instead of impartial, as he claims, rather subjective narration of the events that took place. Indeed, even when he attempts to distance himself from the parties and Gatsby’s lifestyle, we are not convinced: Reading over what I have written so far, I see I have given the impression that the events of three nights several weeks apart were all that absorbed me. On the contrary, theyShow MoreRelatedDefining the Twenties in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald782 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Gatsby Literary Analysis The book, The Great Gatsby, was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald and it was published in 1925. This novel is one that defines the Twenties. The speaker of the book is a young man who goes by the name of Nick Carraway, who is from Minnesota. Throughout the book, he both narrates the story and casts himself as the author of this book. His father taught him to reserve judgment about other people that crossed his path. This is because if he deals with them throughRead MoreIrony In The Great Gatsby Essay871 Words   |  4 Pagesnovels such as, â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† tackle the subject of â€Å"faking†, which means when a character is pretending to be something or someone that he or she is not. Although, it takes a while or someone from a higher social class.† Quoted from an online source. This progression is important, because it helps make an idea that relates to Gatsby being an illusion as someone who’s generous and mysterious man, but in reality, a weak and miserable character. In the novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, by Scott FitzgeraldRead MoreTo What Extent Can Gatsby Be Considered a Tragic Hero?1023 Words   |  5 Pagesextent can Gatsby be considered a tragic hero? Before we can judge if Jay Gatsby is a tragic hero, we should look at the exact deï ¬ nition of a tragic hero. According to the classic deï ¬ nition, a tragic hero is a  «great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat »1, and Oedipus, from the Greek Legends, is deï ¬ ned as the classic tragic hero. So, is Gatsby then a classic tragic hero, by deï ¬ nition? ! Even if the book itself is called  «Great Gatsby », isRead MoreTo What Extent Can Gatsby Be Considered a Tragic Hero?1014 Words   |  5 Pagesextent can Gatsby be considered a tragic hero? Before we can judge if Jay Gatsby is a tragic hero, we should look at the exact deï ¬ nition of a tragic hero. According to the classic deï ¬ nition, a tragic hero is a  «great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat »1, and Oedipus, from the Greek Legends, is deï ¬ ned as the classic tragic hero. So, is Gatsby then a classic tragic hero, by deï ¬ nition? ! Even if the book itself is called  «Great Gatsby »Read MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald889 Words   |  4 Pages The Great Gatsby is one among many of the highly acclaimed novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald. In the novel, the reader learns about the difficulties and trials of achieving the American dream. The protagonist, Jay Gatsby is an example of modern America. His family was dirt poor but he dedicated his time to achieving his dreams and now he has all the money he could want. Gatsby is self made; he lives in West Egg and has what is called â€Å"new money.† Five years prior, Gatsby met Daisy, a beautiful andRead MoreGatsbys Pursuit of the American Dream Essay827 Words   |  4 Pagesworking hard, one can achieve success; this is in contrast to other countries where the immigrants came from, in which one was either born into money and privilege or not, and if you werent, there was no way of achiev ing this success. The American Dream eliminated the barriers between people that social class had held for centuries in Europe. The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, shows the corruption of the American Dream from what it used to be in the past. Not only does Jay Gatsby achieve his successRead MoreThe Great Gatsby: Admiration for Gatsbys Character as Fitzgeralds Novel Progresses950 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Great Gatsby,† in 1926, however he set it in the summer of 1922, or as he christened it, the Jazz age. Through the way Gatsby is perceived we can see Fitzgerald’s ideas on the American dream and the effects it has on those who chase it. I chose this question as it relates strongly to how my views towards Gatsby change as the novel proceeds. Fitzgerald achieves this alter in feelings through his writing style, the theme of the novel and his use of narration. My initial feelings for Gatsby wereRead MoreAchieving Dreams Illegally1543 Words   |  7 Pageswere famous for their involvement in organized crime during the 1920s. One of these characters was Jay Gatsby from The Great Gatsby. The author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, may have even based this character after one of the most well-known organized criminals of the time. Jay Gatsby becomes involved in crime to try and win over the love of his life, who he had left five years back. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays the negative aspects of the 1920s, specifically organized crime, to proveRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgeralds Personl Influences on The Great Gatsby1762 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Let us learn to show our friendship for a man when he is alive and not after he is dead.† (Fitzgerald, 1925). The Great Gatsby is a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, published in 1925, and takes place in 1922. The novel greatly exemplifies the time period that it takes place in, known as â€Å"The Roaring Twenties† or â€Å"The Jazz Age†. One way of exemplification is prohibition and the Volstead Act. According to David J. Hanson from Potsdam.edu, the Volstead Act, which took place in 1919, establishedRead MoreThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald832 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican dream in The Great Gatsby written by Scott Fitzgerald, About fighting for what we want. American Dream makes us strong and brave to do things we would not do. American dream can be clothes, money, luxury, and love. In the novel the American Dream is what we picture but if we dig deep inside there are crushed dreams and conquered but failed. American d ream is not what we all pictured in the Great Gatsby but they make us believe how great is life is. The Great Gatsby is about high class society

Importance of Communication Skill in th Work

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Communication Skill in th Work. Answer: Introduction Effective communication which is brought about by right communication skills is one of the key aspects of successful business organization. When all the employees, may it be the management or the staff, have a functional communication chain and structure it will increase the chance of the organization succeeding. The right communication skills are likely going to increase the motivation, morale, commitment and believe of the employees towards the organizational goals and objectives (Robles, 2012). Therefore, it is important for every employee in every organization to have good and effective communication skills. Importance of Communication Skill in th Work Lead to Job Satisfaction This is especially for the employee employer status or relationship. Apart from getting good salaries from working employees would also like to feel that they are on the right path, have a stress free job and this increases the passion and determination that comes out of them (Ortiz et al, 2016). This simply means a healthy working environment with positive colleagues full of positive attitude. Frequently, this is caused by the fact that there is no good communication in the working environment and therefore no satisfaction. When employees give each other that listening ear, then they will all feel that they are valued and like they are all working towards a common goal. This will increase the attitude and motivation of all of them working together to achieve the organizations goals. Helps in Team Building Working as a team is clearly working towards a common goal. Effective communication in an organization helps the employees build trust on each other which pushes them towards the same goal. It will also make it easier for every employee and department to interact and share ideas and information without pressure or tension (Heaven et al, 2006). Additionally, the management will have an easier time to correct the employees without any more problems when need be. When the management and the staff work as a team, it increases the positive energy and ideas in the organization hence resulting to better management and organizational productivity. Lead to Increased Organizational Productivity An organization with a very good communication system is likely to be more productive than one with poor communication system. However, it is necessary that every employee has these skills to be able to achieve that objective. A management team which has been accorded a clear, effective and efficient communication structure by the employees is obviously going to be more productive (Mitchell et al, 2010). This is simply because more work is going to be done with more passion, commitment, determination and morale that the product will be objective achievement. Helps Solve the Diversity Problems There are various cultures, languages, ideas and believes in different organizations or rather in one business organization. Therefore, with this in mind, there are high chances of the differences to cause problems and misunderstandings among the employees. It is vital for organizational management to find a way to bring together all the employees and give them a reason to be one. Every organization should find a way to inflict the need for better communication in the organization despite the differences. For instance an organization should make it a tradition for employees to undergo effective communication training to enhance better communication. This will certainly increase the chances of success for the organization. Facilitates innovation and invention In an organization with effective communication system means that employees feel genuinely free and comfortable to express their ideas. When employees share ideas, it leads to new innovations and inventions (Shrivastava, 2012). This makes it possible for the ideas to be heard and implemented into the organization which builds trust and commitment in all fields. However, an organization where employees have no good communication skills and no effective communication structure is likely to stick at its current state because no new ideas from different people being implemented and so no innovation. Ensures transparency This means that the employees or the departments are able to share information and ideas without having to worry about what it will lead to. By having effective communication skill, all the employees in the organization mean to trust each other and therefore have the pleasure of sharing anything that regards to organizational success and operations together (Conrad et al, 2012). This is absolute transparency which encourages team work. Conclusion I can say that every business organization should make sure that its employees are equipped with the right skill for effective communication from the point they join the organization. This simply because, effective communication being one of the most vital aspects that determine an organizations success, it is one of the things that will definitely increase its productivity and growth. References Robles, M.M., 2012. Executive perceptions of the top 10 soft skills needed in todays workplace.Business Communication Quarterly,75(4), pp.453-465. Heaven, C., Clegg, J. and Maguire, P., 2006. Transfer of communication skills training from workshop to workplace: the impact of clinical supervision.Patient education and counseling,60(3), pp.313-325. Mitchell, G.W., Skinner, L.B. and White, B.J., 2010. Essential soft skills for success in the twenty-first century workforce as perceived by business educators.The Journal of Research in Business Education,52(1), p.43. Ortiz, L.A., Region-Sebest, M. and MacDermott, C., 2016. Employer perceptions of oral communication competencies most valued in new hires as a factor in company success.Business and Professional Communication Quarterly,79(3), pp.317-330. Shrivastava, S., 2012. Identifying the major components of business communication and their relevance: A conceptual framework.IUP Journal of Soft Skills,6(4), p.51. Conrad, D. and Newberry, R., 2012. Identification and instruction of important business communication skills for graduate business education.Journal of Education for Business,87(2), pp.112-120.

Guidance in Composing a Scientific Article Essay Example For Students

Guidance in Composing a Scientific Article Essay Parts of a scientific article summary The summary (better known as abstract in English ) appears immediately after the article title. Presented by: the context of the study the purpose of the study basic procedures ( selection of study subjects or laboratory animals , observational and analytical methods ) the main findings ( giving specific effect sizes and their statistical significance , if possible ) the main conclusions. Keywords It should emphasize new and important aspects of the study or observations . In search sites ( such as Pumped ) or licensed magazines , the summary is all that is shown of a scientific article . Introduction The introduction presents the topic to be discussed in the article and usually answer the question of why the study was performed . Usually no more than two paragraphs and sometimes includes a summary of the latest findings in the field. General Characteristics 1. Allows flexibility and variety of themes just as part of a descriptive analysis n historical, theoretical , scientific, political , cultural, economic and social news. Two . It suggests that the wording to article must be based on facts and not reflections of a philosophical or general considerations matter to deal with. Three . It works directly on facts and analyzes that have no purpose other than to inform rigorous without having to transmit data points Through the persuasion and seduction, the writer describes about current events Methods and Materials The methods section should include only information that was available at the time of writing the plan or study protocol Any information that is obtained during the study to be reported in the Results section . Usually the methods describe existing techniques or methods as emphasizing particular study apply to the scientific paper Describes the sample materials or objects of study, their description , their origin and their general characteristics relevant to the study Results Where are the results obtained in experimental or computational simulations re usually accompanied with tables or charts that s ummarize quantitative and qualitative aspects of the new results obtained in the study . Concussion In the discussion we take the results obtained and compared with previous ones , is conceptualized their importance as well as practical and theoretical implications thereof.

North Korean Nuclearisation

Introduction Nuclearisation has in reality become a significant political matter in the world for the past ten years. This has concurrently been marked by the nuclearisation of North Korea, United States, South Asia, Iran, India, Libya and many other states.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on North Korean Nuclearisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More North Korea’s interest in nuclear weapons capacity has long aggravated heated arguments between policy makers and researchers. Such arguments are mostly about the reasons for engagement and repeated dissatisfaction in attempts to confer to Korean denuclearization. These debates widely reveal divergent opinions of the North Korean government and its sustainability as an independent political, financial and martial system. They also reflect the likely consequences of prolonged nuclear development in this secluded and highly eccentric state (Sidney, 2007). Efforts to hold back North Korea’s interest in nuclear weapons is among the topmost running and least victorious sagas in global security. It is however highly unfortunate that North Korea keeps on deceiving the international community through its open attitudes and mischief. This is in contrast to the advancement in international nuclear disbarment and non- proliferation. The subject of North Korean nuclearisation has been deteriorating over time. This essay will assess North Korea’s venerable quest for nuclear weapons and its potential insinuations for national security. It will establish whether North Korea is a responsible nuclear weapon state in comparison with other states. Discussion North Korea is not a responsible nuclear weapons state. Its irresponsibility is seen especially when US and Russia, which are the largest nuclear powers globally put their signature on the New Start Treaty promising to lower the number of planned nuclear warheads.Advertising Looking f or essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, the Nuclear Security Summit met to build up a shared agreement on the gravity of the menace of nuclear terrorism. North Korea’s irresponsibility in this case is seen when it continues working against international laws and requirements while at the same time declining to abandon its nuclear drives. Not only did it not take part in these encouraging developments but also acted as a key impediment to the global community’s efforts to create a world that is nuclear weapons free. North Korea’s irresponsibility as a nuclear weapons state is also seen when it goes against the individual rights of people. It is one of the countries whose people are mistreated by denying the citizens rights to choose their own ways of living. Although North Korea claims that their nuclear weapons are not instruments for assaulting and threatening others, they use them to offset aggression and attacks from the other countries. For instance, North Korea states that their nuclear deterrents can in no way be abandoned and should further be made stronger. United States further asserts that it would at no point recognize North Korea as a nuclear weapon country. It argues that North Korea present path is a â€Å"dead end â€Å". It has developed nuclear weapons for its own benefits, safeguarding its sovereignty and existence rights. The irresponsibility of North Korea as a nuclear weapons state has further been confirmed. It is irresponsible and ethically repugnant for any nation to produce and own weapons for arbitrarily killing billions of people. For instance, on March 2010, North Koreas torpedo led to the sinking of the ROK naval craft Cheonan. This assailment claimed 46 blameless lives (Nathan Daniel, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on North Korean Nuclearisation specifically for you for only $ 16.05 $11/page Learn More India is the most responsible nuclear weapons state compared to North Korea, Pakistan, Iran and other nuclear weapons. It has taken significant efforts to establish the export legislations for nuclear weapons. This has been taken as unexpected progress to lessen war threats in these country something North Korea has not even thought of. North Korea keeps proclaiming that it would make reliable efforts for denuclearization which has so far remained doubtful among other states. Conclusion The Possession of nuclear weapons by North Korea has augmented the stakes in disagreements. It has also threatened victims on an incredible scale. North Korea should thus discard its nuclear weapons programme and pursue the example of other countries such as India and Libya. The present trends in worldwide politics towards conflicts and wars must be abandoned in preference for dialogue and conformity with international law. Engaging in dialogue just for the sa ke is North Korea’s long preferred approach for holding up denuclerisation.This must not be contemplated any longer. North Korea must demonstrate honesty of its words by taking actual and irreversible steps towards denuclearization. The Korean government is however taking some approaches to minimize the use of nuclear weapons. These approaches include a no nuclear North Korea, two track approach and the approach of grand bargain. The two track approach emphasizes that North Korea should not be simply rewarded for going back to dialogue after performing provocative deeds. It first needs to demonstrate a strong commitment to denuclearization and take tangible steps regarding that end (Alagappa, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the grand bargain approach, The North Korean government is seeking a broad and elemental resolution to the North Korean nuclear weapon matter. This aims to take in all the steps associated with North Koreas irrevocable denuclearization. It is therefore clear that while the accountability for nuclear security lies with individual states, international attempts are required to sustain national standards at an acceptable level. References Alagappa, M. (2009). The long shadow: nuclear weapons and security in 21st century.  DC: US Press. Nathan, E.B Daniel, J. (2009). Combating weapons of mass destruction: the future of  international nonproliferation policy. Georgia: University of Georgia Press. Sidney, D.D. (2007). Nuclear weapons, scientists, and the post-Cold War challenge.  NY: World Scientific Press. This essay on North Korean Nuclearisation was written and submitted by user Fallen One to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Oration vs. Peroration

Oration vs. Peroration Oration vs. Peroration Oration vs. Peroration By Maeve Maddox The Chicago Manual of Style warns careful writers to avoid confusing the words oration and peroration: A peroration, strictly speaking, is the conclusion of an oration (speech). Careful writers avoid using peroration to refer to a rousing speech or text. In its rhetorical sense, a peroration is the concluding part of a speech intended to sum things up and rouse the audience to some action. He[concluded] his speech with a peroration whose purpose was to remind the audience that he was among the few Republicans with a plausible shot at occupying the White House. Toward the end of the speech, King departed from his prepared text for a partly improvised peroration on the theme I have a dream The expression â€Å"a rousing peroration† in the sense of â€Å"a fiery speech,† is to be avoided, if for no other reason than it’s a clichà ©. In other contexts, however, the word peroration has been used since the 15th century to refer to a whole speech or utterance. Shakespeare used peroration in 1591 as a synonym for discourse: Nephew, what means this passionate discourse, †¨This peroration with such circumstance? †¨For France, tis ours; and we will keep it still. –Henry VI, Part II, I.i, 111. Later writers, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sinclair Lewis, Mark Twain, and F. Scott Fitzgerald, all used peroration to refer to comments other than the concluding part of an oration. In the following example from recent news item, peroration refers to a speech and not to the concluding part of a speech: When the de Blasios arrived a little after 10, the candidate gave a brief peroration to the gathering outside, which surely numbered more than one hundred. Certainly it would be an error to speak of â€Å"the perorations of Pericles† if what is meant are â€Å"the orations of Pericles.† But while the use of peroration as a synonym for speech might be justly considered stilted diction, it’s not an occasion for ridicule. Calling a politician’s whistle stop speech a peroration is no worse than using decimate to mean â€Å"to kill an indeterminate number of people† because the word’s â€Å"real† meaning is â€Å"to kill one in ten.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Opening Lines to Inspire the Start of Your Storyâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†Dealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Nursing budget Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing budget - Assignment Example This would mean a noninvasive way to get the same results. Noninvasive is ideal for any patient because it means more comfort for the patient while we are conducting our tests. The controllable costs will be the initial costs to purchase a unit. Uncontrollable costs will be in the form of maintenance and this would be based on the usage. If we were to buy a unit that costs $10,000 and finance it at 8% interest over 2 years our payments would only be $452.27 per month. This is more than reasonable. 7. We would need to hire 6 RNs for the regular shifts and an additional part–time RN. This would mean a total of 7 RNs. 8. Median salary for RNs is 75,180. For the full time RNs this would be $451,080. Our part time RN would earn $33.09 per hour and receive up to 30 hours per week for a maximum payroll total of $51,620.40. Total for all would be approximately $502,700.40. 9. You could use 4 full time RNs and 1 part-time RN if the shifts were 12 hours each. 10 – 13. Options for the 6th nurse would include being a floater, training, helping out with phones or other things that need to be done. I would make my 6th nurse a floater meaning that she would constantly go from room to room to make sure that the patients and other nurses have what they need. The floater would be a different nurse each time this happens to make sure that the other nurses also have a chance to perform the same duties. Implementing this decision would allow all of the nurses to learn from one another thereby making sure they are all on the same page. One nurse would not be receiving more or less training than the other but instead they will be training as a group. 14 - 16. A cost containment strategy would be effective staffing and human resource policies. HR software could be used to keep track of employees’ comings and goings. We could use an automated time card system that would track time, holidays, breaks, etc. This would help with containment of overtime, lost hours due to being nonproductive and over or under staffing. Also making sure there is a clear plan for overtime, identifying nonproductive time, and demonstrating a firm understanding of incentives and bonuses (Kirkby, 2003). Overtime is usually the cause of being over budget due to not planning out the staff accordingly. There should always be some contingencies included in any personnel budget to make sure that overtime is at a minimum. Lost hours may not seem as important but if we look at the hours that an employee has spent being nonproductive we realize how much we are losing by paying that employee to do virtually nothing. 17 - 20. The continuous limb movement machines can be postponed as well as the seminar. We were most accurate in predicting supplies and personnel expenses. We were most inaccurate with continuing education, capital expenditures, and travel. Some factors that contributed to this could have been not knowing ahead of time which conferences we wanted to attend as well as deciding too late to buy more equipment. We over budgeted for personnel. This over-budgeting could be used towards some of the other things that we want to do such as purchasing the equipment we need or attending the conference. Our projected ADC was actually too low as well. In next year’s budget we should plan on ADC being slightly higher than 25.8 so that we can adequately budget for all aspects of our department. 21 – 24. According to Schmidt & Altus (Schmidt & Altus, 2010) several factors that are

Conflict Management Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflict Management Styles - Essay Example Prevention of conflicts can have dire consequences on productivity. This is because it is through conflict resolution that underlying issues affecting the employees are resolved. It is also through conflict that eventually people get to understand each other and hence work better together in future. There are many approaches that are used by organizations to deal with conflict at the workplace and of course each approach yields different outcomes. Some of these conflict management approaches include avoidance, negotiation, arbitration, litigation or dismissal and transfer of irreconcilable employees. In most cases organizations will apply a combination of two or more conflict management tactics. In my workplace the popular conflict management approach used is avoidance. This approach takes the form of simply ignoring conflicts among employees in the hope that the issues of contention will disappear. Needless to say this approach only suppresses conflict and aggravates the problems. With time the conflicts become irrepressible and erupt to scandals. Disgruntled employees sabotage office resources and in case the conflict is among co-workers the scenario may take to physical confrontation. This tarnishes the image and reputation that an organization takes so much to build. Another approach used at my workplace is instant transfer of one or both parties to the conflict and in some cases dismissal. This approach has its pros and cons in that transfers can have an adverse effect on the employee and the same for dismissal. However, other times it has been used to dilute tension betwee n worker with bad blood. Separation thus seems to be very logical. Management at the workplace should ensure that it refrains from using such a technique. The techniques used at my workplace contradict with my personal conflict management preferences at varying degrees. I highly believe that avoiding a problem in the hope that it goes away does not help. Communication is crucial to conflict management. It is important to note that conflict mounts slowly from simple arguments then accumulates to intolerable tensions culminating to conflicts. Management can contain and dissolve these arguments and tensions before it translates to conflict. This is possible by monitoring employee relations and identifying potential conflicts. (Nelson & Quick, 2006). In addition, frequent open discussions among the employees and the management can help to quell discontent felt by the workforce before it matures to conflicts and scandal. Further, proper channels and policies that clearly outline the organization's stance on conflict and the expected code of conduct at the organization can help to alleviate conflict. For example, harassment is popular at th e workplace because the organizations lack clear cut rules and regulations to govern relationship among people in the workforce. Women especially fall victim to sexual harassment from their bosses and managers and in most cases feel helpless and turn to conflict in order to grab attention of others. If proper codes of conduct are placed then conflicts at the workplace can be managed. Another shortfall of transfers and dismissal of parties to conflict is that it assumes that only main participants are

Comparing both Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill's philosophical Essay

Comparing both Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill's philosophical positions - Essay Example He believed that happiness is derived from the good will in performing an action regardless of the consequences. Consequently, the results of an action, whether good or bad, should be deemed irrelevant so long as the basis of good action was based on good will. Furthermore, he believed that people actions were morally good when based on an obligation to duty. According to Kant, if a maxim was in compliance to universal law then it was morally good and could be subjected to rational human beings (Maj, 2002). Kant further specified the practical imperative which dictated on human dignity. The basic logic of human dignity is based on treating human beings always as an end in themselves as opposed to a means to an end. However, one major assumption of Kant’s theory is ignorance of the consequences of actions based on good will. Actions based on good will are viewed as morally right irrespective of the consequences whether good or bad. John Stuart Mill proposed a different code of ethics, drawn from teleological theory, known as utilitarianism or the principle of utility (Maj, 2002). His theory justified actions as morally good if it led to happiness. However, if the result of the action was unhappiness, then it should be deemed as immoral. Moreover, decisions and actions are judged on morality based on the consequences and not the performing of the act itself. Furthermore, he theorized that if an action results to greater happiness to a greater number of people then it was morally right. Thus in pursuit of happiness through hedonism (ethical and psychological hedonism), people should perform actions that result to pleasure and prevent pain. John Stuart Mill’s utilitarianism also justifies sacrifice if it contributes to the pleasure of people or minimizes pain. For example, sacrifice in form of discretion, that result in happiness to the greatest number of people. Moreover, Mill’s theory supports alt ruism as opposed to egoism.

Synthesis of Ethano Strapped TBs

Synthesis of Ethano Strapped TBs Chapter 3 Synthesis of Ethano Strapped TBs. 3.2  Experimental Section 3.2.1  General procedure for the synthesis of ethano-strapped Trà ¶gers base. The methano-strapped TrÓ §gers base (4.24 mmol) and 1,2-dibromoethane (1.60 g, 8.48 mmol, 2.0 eq.) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) and lithium carbonate (1.41 g, 19.08 mmol, 4.5 eq.) was added to the mixture which was stirred and heated at 110  °C for 3 days.   The mixture was cooled and suspended in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and then washed with water (2 25 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness.   The crude material was chromatographed (silica gel) to afford the desired ethano-strapped Trà ¶gers base products. 3.3.5  2,8-Dimethoxy-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 02-60)ACT checked NMR Starting with 2,8-dimethoxy TrÓ §gers base X (1.20 g, 4.24 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 4:1) to afford X (659 mg, 53%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 185-187  °C (lit.ref 186-189  °C)1.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3), ÃŽ ´ 3.55-3.61 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 3.68 (6H, s, OCH3), 4.37 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.55 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.43 (2H, d, J = 2.8 Hz, ArH), 6.62 (2H, dd, J = 2.8, 8.6 Hz, ArH), 7.07 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, ArH).   The data are in agreement with those reported in the literature.1 3.3.4  2,8-Dibromo-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 01-120)ACT checked NMR Starting with 2,8-dibromo TrÓ §gers base X (1.65 g, 4.24 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane) to afford X (750 mg, 45%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 220  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 3.47-3.59 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.35 (2H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 4.53 (2H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 6.96 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.04 (2H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, ArH), 7.17 (2H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.4 Hz, ArH).   The data are in agreement with those reported in the literature.2 3.3.2  6H,12H-5,11-Ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 01-116)ACT checked NMR Starting with unsubstituted methano-strapped TrÓ §gers base X (942 mg, 4.24 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane: ethyl acetate 4:1) to afford X (505 mg, 51%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 169-171  °C (lit.3 174  °C).   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 3.53-3.68 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.46 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.61 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.89-6.96 (4H, m, ArH), 7.03-7.08 (2H, m, ArH), 7.09-13 (2H, m, ArH).   The data are in agreement with those reported in the literature.3 5.3.20Di-tert-butyl-3,9-dicarbamate-2,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X (MHK-06-108)   Sample has a lot of ethyl acetate in it re-run both 1H and 13C NMR Starting with bis(3,9-tert-butyl-dicarbamate-2,8-dimethyl TrÓ §gers base X (5.00 g, 10.42 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 1:1) to afford X (2.67 g, 52% with 7% methano strapped as a impurity) as a pale brown solid.   m.p. X-Y  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.49 (18H, s, Boc CH3), 2.03 (6H, s, CH3), 3.50-3.60 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.40 (2H, d, J = 17.1 Hz, CH2), 4.48 (2H, d, J = 17.1 Hz, CH2), 6.08 (2H, s, ArH), 6.67 (2H, s, ArH), 7.56 (2H, br s, NH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 17.1, 28.3, 54.9, 58.5, 80.2, 120.3, 128.4, 130.3, 132.0, 134.9, 148.8, 152.9 ppm.   FTIR 1049 (m), 1182 (s), 1230 (m), 1709 (s, C=O), 2900 (m), 2972 (m), 3295(bs), cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C28H38N4O4:   C 67.99; H 7.74; N 11.33.   Found C XX; H XX; N XX %. 3.3.38H,16H-7,15-Ethanodinaphtho[2,1-b][2,1-f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 03-72)ACT checked NMR contains an impurity ethano strap region should be symmetric Re-run both 1H and 13C NMR grow crystals! Starting with naphthalene TrÓ §gers base X (500 mg, 1.55 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane) to afford X (113 mg, 22%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 224-227  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 3.75-3.97 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.90 (2H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 5.44 (2H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 7.27-7.37 (4H, m, ArH), 7.41-7.48 (2H, m, ArH), 7.51 (2H, app. d, J = 8.6 Hz, ArH), 7.67 (2H, app. d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.82 (2H, d, J = 8.5 Hz, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 55.2, 55.7, 122.3, 124.4, 126.0, 127.3, 127.5, 128.3, 128.6, 131.5, 132.5, 148.5 ppm.   FTIR 828 (s), 927 (s), 1137 (m), 1209 (m), 1469 (m), 2360 (m), 2900 (m), 2959 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C24H20N2:   C 85.68; H 5.99; N 8.33.   Found C 85.73; H 5.68; N 8.59%. 3.3.72,8-Dimethanol-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK 04-50)The spectrum is terrible there is NO way you can claim to have made this compound see me Starting with 2,8-dimethanol TrÓ §gers base X (400 mg, 1.42 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane: ethyl acetate 1:1) to afford X (134 mg, 32%) as a colourless solid.   m.p. X-Y  °C (lit.ref A-B  °C).2   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.76 (2H, br s, OH), 3.46-3.64 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.43 (2H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.47 (2H, s, CH2OH), 4.56 (2H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.89 (2H, app. s, ArH), 7.02 (2H, dd, J = 1.5, 8.1 Hz, ArH), 7.07 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.26 (2H, s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 54.6, 59.1, 64.8, 126.1, 127.5, 128.1, 136.7, 137.2, 149.6 ppm.   FTIR 750 (s), 884 (s), 1105 (m), 1195 (m), 1328 (m), 1491 (d), 1622 (s), 1701 (s, C=O), 2852 (m), 2893 (bs), 2946 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C18H20N2O2:   C 72.95; H 6.80; N 9.45.   Found C XX; H XX; N XX %.   See me is this compound in the literature(NOT charactrised in letreature)   1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚   Ishida, Y.; Ito, H.; Mori, D.; Saigo, K., Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 109-112. 3.3.82-Bromo-8-methyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-05-18)ACT checked NMR Starting with 2-bromo-8-methyl TrÓ §gers base X (1.30 g, 4.12 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane) to afford X (1.00 g, 73%) as an off-white solid.   m.p. 209-212  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 2.19 (3H, s, CH3), 3.47-3.62 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.37 (2H, app. d, J = 17.1 Hz, CH2), 4.53 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.54 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.71 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.86-6.91 (1H, m, ArH), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.3 Hz, ArH), 6.99 (1H, d, J = 7.9 Hz, ArH), 7.03 (1H, d, J = 2.1 Hz, ArH), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.1, 8.3 Hz, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 20.7, 54.70, 54.74, 58.7, 59.0, 117.5, 127.7, 128.1, 129.1, 129.7, 130.1, 131.4, 134.4, 136.0, 139.2, 147.2, 149.5 ppm.   FTIR 863 (s), 944 (m), 1090 (m), 1219 (s), 1341 (s), 1476 (s), 1518 (s), 2901 (m), 2954 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C17H17BrN2:   C 62.02; H 5.20; N 8.51.   Found C 62.29; H 5.12; N 8.68%. 3.3.92-Bromo-8-methoxyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-04-34)ACT checked NMRReplot 13C with expansions of all picked peaks and show ACTMay need to re-run 13C with more scans not sure about some peaks Starting with 2-bromo-8-methoxy TrÓ §gers base X (500 mg, 1.51 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 2:1) to afford X (180 mg, 35%) as a pale brown solid.   m.p. 156-157  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 3.50-3.60 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 3.68 (3H, s, OCH3), 4.34 (1H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.37 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.52 (1H, d, J 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.54 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.42 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz, ArH), 6.63 (1H, dd, J = 2.9, 8.6 Hz, ArH), 6.98 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.01-7.06 (2H, m, ArH), 7.16 (1H, dd, J = 2.0, 8.4 Hz, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 54.7, 54.8, 55.2, 58.8, 59.2, 112.8, 113.3, 117.6, 128.8, 129.7, 130.2, 131.5, 137.5, 139.0, 149.4, 156.6, 165.6 ppm.   FTIR 805 (m), 846 (m), 1025 (s), 1066 (s), 1278 (s), 1469 (s), 1487 (m), 1594 (m), 2359 (m), 2900 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C17H17BrN2O:   C 59.14; H 4.96; N 8.11.   Found C 59.26; H 4.72; N 8.08%. 3.3.102-Ethoxycarbonyl-4,8-dimethyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-04-30)ACT checked 1H NMR NEED 13C NMR Starting with 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4,8-dimethyl TrÓ §gers base X (500 mg, 1.55 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 4:1) to afford X (88 mg, 17%) as a pale yellow solid.   m.p. 182-185  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.32 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz, CH3), 2.17 (3H, s, CH3), 2.38 (3H, s, CH3), 3.54-3.66 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.20-4.33 (3H, m, CH2), 4.49 (1H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 4.50 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 4.60 (1H, d, J = 17.2 Hz, CH2), 6.69 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.85-6.89 (1H, m, ArH), 7.02-7.09 (1H, m, ArH), 7.46 (1H, app. s, ArH), 7.65 (1H, app. s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 14.3, 17.8, 20.7, 54.7, 55.4, 55.4, 59.3, 60.6, 126.1, 127.8, 128.1, 129.0, 130.0, 134.3, 135.5, 136.5, 137.0, 147.2, 152.8, 166.5 ppm.   FTIR 776 (s), 833 (s), 905 (m), 1025 (s), 1215 (s), 1293 (s), 1497 (s), 1709 (s, C=O), 2900 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C21H24N2O2:   C 74.97; H 7.19; N 8.33.   Found C 74.72; H 7.25; N 8.41 %. 2.3.118-Bromo-2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X (MHK-05-22)ACT checked NMRNeed to re-run 13C with more scans insufficient aryl peakssections of 1H MR should go in thessi with discussion see ACT Starting with 8-bromo-2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl TrÓ §gers base X (5.50 g, 14.21 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate 3:1) to afford X (1.70 mg, 30%) as pale yellow solid.   m.p. 196  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 1.33 (3H, t, J = 7.1 Hz, CH3), 2.36 (3H, s, CH3), 3.54-3.64 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.21 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 4.24-4.34 (2H, 2 x overlapping q, J = 7.1 Hz, CH2-CH3), 4.47 (1H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 4.49 (1H, d, J = 17.4 Hz, CH2), 4.57 (1H, d, J = 17.3 Hz, CH2), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, ArH), 7.15 (1H, dd, J = 2.2, 8.4 Hz, ArH), 7.44-7.46 (1H, m, ArH), 7.65-7.67 (1H, m, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 14.3, 17.8, 54.6, 55.0, 55.2, 59.1, 60.7, 117.6, 126.3, 128.0, 129.9, 130.2, 130.3, 131.2, 135.6, 136.6, 139.1, 149.2, 152.3, 166.4 ppm.   FTIR 827 (s), 927 (s), 1023 (m), 1150 (s), 1387 (s), 1412 (m), 11470 (s), 1704 (s, C=O), 2360 (m), 2900 (m) cm -1.   Anal. Calcd for C20H21BrN2O2:   C 59.86; H 5.27; N 6.98.   Found C 59.76; H 5.19; N 7.21%. 3.3.121,4,8-Trimethyl-2-nitro-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-02-10)Need 1H and 13C NMR where are these!!! Starting with 1,4,8-trimethyl-2-nitro- TrÓ §gers base Y (500 mg, 1.62 mmol), the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane:ethyl acetate:hexane 4:1:1) to afford X (153 mg, 29%) as a yellow solid.   m.p. 138-141  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 2.20 (6H, s, CH3), 2.36 (3H, s, CH3), 3.54-3.64 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.33 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 4.36 (1H, d, J = 17.6, CH2), 4.50 (1H, d, J = 17.5 Hz, CH2), 4.65 (1H, d, J = 17.6 Hz, CH2), 6.75 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.89 (1H, app.d, J = 7.9 Hz, ArH), 7.01 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.40 (1H, s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 14.7, 17.8, 20.7, 54.1, 54.9, 55.7, 57.2, 124.1, 125.0, 127.9, 128.3, 128.6, 128.8, 134.2, 134.6, 136.5, 136.8, 147.2, 152.4 ppm.   FTIR 819 (m), 1053 (s), 1185 (m), 1280 (s), 1369 (m), 1497 (m), 2359 (m), 2900 (m), 2987 (m) cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C19H21N3O2:   C 70.57; H 6.55; N 12.99.   Found C 70.52; H 6.28; N 12.69%. 3.3.142,8-Dimethyl-4-nitro-6H,12H-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine X(MHK-02-10, MHK04-66 ChromA1)re-run 1H and 13 Spectra Starting with 2,8-dimethyl-4-nitro-Trà ¶gers base X (500 mg, 1.69 mmol) and 1with heating for 5 days,the crude material obtained upon work-up was chromatographed (silica gel, dichloromethane: ethyl acetate 10:1) to afford Y (120 mg, 23%) as a yellow solid.   m.p. 168-170  °C.   1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 2.20 (3H, s, CH3), 2.21 (3H, s, CH3), 3.42-3.63 (4H, m, CH2-CH2), 4.44 (1H, d, J = 17.6 Hz, CH2), 4.50 (2H, app. s, CH2), 4.62 (1H, d J = 17.6 Hz, CH2), 6.79 (1H, app. s, ArH), 6.87-6.94 (2H, m, ArH), 7.02 (1H, d, J = 8.0 Hz, ArH), 7.11 (1H, app. s, ArH).   13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ 20.5, 20.7, 54.4, 56.0, 58.0, 59.4, 122.0, 127.5, 128.1, 129.4, 132.2, 134.6, 135.4, 136.0, 139.4, 140.8, 146.9, 150.5 ppm.   FTIR 836 (m), 884 (m), 1021 (m), 1171 (s), 1371 (m), 1521 (s), 2910 (m), cm-1.   Anal. Calcd for C18H19N3O2:   C 69.88; H 6.19; N 13.58.   Found C 69.67; H 6.24; N 13.43%. References 1.Hamada, Y.; Mukai, S., Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2671-2674. 2.Ishida, Y.; Ito, H.; Mori, D.; Saigo, K., Tetrahedron Lett. 2005, 46, 109-112. 3.Faroughi, M.; Try, A. C.; Turner, P., Acta Crystallogr., Sect. E: Struct. Rep. Online 2008, 64, o458.

Essay --

Jacksonian Democrats stood up for the view they had of themselves in their attempts to preserve the United States Constitution by furthering the progress in political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. President Jackson and his certain ideals captured the minds of many people which resulted in many votes towards him. Some would even characterize Jackson as a hero, having defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans and climbing his way up to wealth from poverty; the American Dream. Andrew Jackson was a strict constitutional constructionist, he felt it was his duty to guard what he believed to be the constitution’s spirit, this is carried out when he handles South Carolina’s Nullification Crisis. Jackson makes a strong statement by passing the â€Å"1833 Force Bill†, that the position of John C. Calhoun and also his home state (South Carolina) are unconstitutional. It is also made clear by Jackson that he, as president, is prepared to back up his ideals, even with force, if necessary. By his handling of â€Å"The 1832-1841 Bank War†, Jackson further advanced his demanding constructionist position. Looking in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution, authority to create a national bank given to congress is nowhere to be found. Jackson effectively takes apart what he had viewed as a â€Å"monopoly of the foreign and domestic exchange† that had not been â€Å"compatible with justice, with sound policy, or with the Constitution o f our country.† (Document B) Jackson’s stance on the Bank of the United States also provides an explanation of his commitment to political democracy. Though made by Clay and Webster to publicly place Jackson in an awkward position, the 1832 Bank recharter backfired on the opponent, Whigs... ...n the opinion of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, Jackson’s Supreme Court appointee, in the Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge case. While John Marshall (enemy of Jackson) had made a passage for competition in Gibbons v. Ogden, Taney pointed out in a Jacksonian Democratic type fashion, that charters must be translated strictly. â€Å"There is no exclusive privilege given to them over the waters of Charles River†¦.†(Document H) By this, it is obvious that there is commitment to equality of economic opportunity. Andrew Jackson was a very powerful man, many years of American history carries his name. Despite the negative comments and names that opponents had given him, President Jackson has left an inerasable mark in history as a true guardian of the United States Constitution, preserving political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity.

A Critique of the Structure Conduct Performance Paradigm (Scp) Essay

A Critique of the Structure Conduct Performance Paradigm (SCP) †¢The SCP approach draws on theories of market structure. These theories can be adapted to examine the behavior of firms and industries. However, these theories do not always give us exact relationships between structure, conduct and performance. †¢Structure can be measured by a multitude of indicators. Unfortunately, many economists tend to measure structure by concentration. This is primarily because data is easy to find in government statistics. As a consequence, there is a danger of overemphasizing the importance of concentration. †¢The SCP approach has been criticized for providing a ‘snapshot’ of competitive conditions. The approach does little to explain how the industry has evolved into its current state and what, if any, the future changes of industry structure and firm behavior are likely to be. †¢It is often difficult to decide which variables belong to structure, which to condu ct and which to performance. For example, the extent of advertising, vertical integration and diversification gives useful information as to the structure of an industry. However, these are also strategies which firms can choose to follow to gain a competitive advantage over rivals. †¢There are difficulties in measuring many of the variables. For example, how would one measure profitability? How does one measure entry barriers and the rate of entry? How do we measure the extent of vertical integration? †¢What exactly do we mean by performance? Performance is some measure of the degree of success in achieving desired goals. Is it possible to have a set of uniform performance indicators? Differences in firm objectives may make the links between firm behavior and performance difficult to assess. For example, if firms are sacrificing potential profits in order to reduce risk by investing in more certain activities, then researchers should be more interested in variability in profit rates and not profits levels per se. Alternatively, if managers are maximizing their own satisfaction through excess expenditures, then it is no longer clear that large firms will necessarily make abnormal returns. In other words, firms insulated from competitive pressure may choose a ‘quiet life’ and no longer strive for greater efficiency and higher profits. Despite its critics, the SCP approach is one of the most popular and enduring approaches to analyzing competitive markets. For example, European banking has experienced competitive change over the last decade. Government deregulation has increased competition and allowed banks to compete not only in domestic but also in other European markets. The extent of diversification has increased, which has caused the distinction between b anks, building societies and insurance companies to become blurred. There has been entry of foreign banks into many European countries, leading to intensified competition. The number of banks has declined in many European markets in recent years. The trend is apparent across different types of banks, including the mutual savings and co-operative banks as well as the domestic commercial banks. Reference: http://classof1.com/homework-help/macroeconomics-homework-help/

Rwanda essays

Rwanda essays In my opinion, Belgians have the biggest responsibility of genocide in Rwanda. Every thing started with Belgiums colonizatation. They did many horrible things to Rwanda and its people. Firstly, the first thing they did is the seperatation. Before Belgians come, there were many groups living in the country peacefully. There wasnt any ruler or a king there. However, Belgium, by this peacefully way they couldnt have reached their intention. Hence, they decided to set at loggerheads Hutus and Tutsis. Hutus and Tutsis have already been divided by their stereotypes. Conversely they were not enemies. Afterwards, Belgians made an identify card system, day by day which will become a hereditary thing. It helped Belgium to start a war between these two groups. It was known that Tutsis were known as the rulers and Hutus were the workers. Conversely there wasnt an enmity. And also being a Tutsi or a Hutu comes from having 10 or less cattle and having 10 or more cattle. Thus, their grandfathers designate their groups. I think that, it was the best way to start a war and now we can easily say that it was genocide. They made real separation because before Belgium there was nobody killing each other. Furthermore, when something become hereditary, nobody can change it. It was maybe the same as a rule but also it was more unchangeable than a rule. Hence, making something hereditary will be sometimes easy as we see in this example but break it we need hundreds of years. Secondly, they worked hand in hand with Catholic Church, which ran the schools. So that Huru children will learn Christian but Tutsis wont. Because they was known as race of Ham, one of the three sons of Noah. By that, they also started region separation I think. As a consequence, maybe Hutus didnt do anything to Tutsis in the past because of Tutsis region power. But now there is no handicap! It is becoming more and more important year by year . ...

10 50th Birthday Quotes

10 50th Birthday Quotes The half-century birthday calls for a big celebration. The  50th birthday  heralds the rebirth of a relaxed person who has fulfilled many of his obligations.  Do not count lifes success by benchmarks or years; count the blessings bestowed upon you. Life looks different when it does not saddle you with the responsibilities and ambition you faced earlier. The most important time in your life is now.  When you are ready to walk into the sunset, make sure that you dont look back and wonder why you missed out on all those beautiful moments that came by. Here are the thoughts of various people on the 50th birthday and midlife in general: Joan Rivers: Famously Acerbic American Comedian, Actress, and Producer, 1933-2014 Looking 50  is great if you’re 60. George Orwell:  English Author of  1984 and Animal Farm, 1903-1950 At age 50, everyone has the face he deserves. James A. Garfield: U.S. President, 1831-1881 (Assassinated)   If wrinkles must be written upon our brows, let them not be written upon the heart. The spirit should never grow old. Richard John Needham: Canadian Newspaper Humor Columnist, 1912-1996 The seven ages of man: spills, drills, thrills, bills, ills, pills, and wills. Pablo Picasso: Spanish Painter, Sculptor, Cubism Pioneer, and Author, 1881-1973 The years between 50 and 70 are the hardest. You are always being asked to do things, and yet you are not decrepit enough to turn them down! Jack Benny: American Comedian and Actor, Perennially Age 39, 1894-1974 The old believe everything; the middle-aged suspect everything; the young know everything! Lucille Ball: American Comedian, Actress, and Early Sitcom Star, 1911-1989 Middle age is when your age starts to show around your middle! Muhammad Ali: American Boxer and Amateur Philosopher, 1942-2016 The man who views the world at  50 the same as he did at 20 has wasted 30 years of his life. George Bernard Shaw: Irish Playwright of  Pygmalion, 1856-1950 Age is strictly a case of mind over matter. If you dont mind, it doesnt matter! Don Marquis: American Humorist, Novelist, and Playwright, 1878-1937 Middle age is the time when a man is always thinking that in a week or two he will feel as good as ever.

Continuos quality improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Continuos quality improvement - Essay Example Lack of information among patient is a leading cause of hostility to treatment or noncooperation. Thus, this is a problem that hinders quality healthcare. Upon defining the problem, I would collect the relevant data that would show this problem and hence support the need for patient education. Analysis of the collected data would show the current performance of the program (The National Learning Consortium, 2013). By so doing, CQI initiative would identify the main causes of the problem. Data analysis forms a basis for improvement. Improvement should be made if the results show low-quality indicators. A CQI process should identify the root causes of a problem and the alternative changes that can improve the process. About patient education, data may show that lack of information about treatment and aspects such as pain may lead to hostility to treatment among patients. After determining the necessary changes, control measures should be instituted. Control measures involve close monitoring of the initiative to ensure that it delivers the required objectives. In the end, the CQI initiate would be successful. The National Learning Consortium. (2013). Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Strategies to Optimize your Practice. Retrieved from

Customer services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer services - Essay Example Purchasing, product quality and product manufacture may never interact or talk to clients directly, yet they are crucial aspects in meeting the needs of the customers. If a business wants to deliver costly goods that, does not work and make late delivery, this affects consumer service in the same way as the effects of rude sales representative will do. The entire business should consolidate its efforts to offer adequate and effective customer service. The paper will investigate different ways of enhancing customer service to enhance the profitability of an enterprise. Discussion In a bid to compete effectively in a real customer-driven way, a business must integrate its whole business operations around meeting the needs and wants if its customers – not marketing, selling and client service, but logistics of production and financial infrastructure and metrics. Business exceeds expectation of their clients by focusing innovation attempts in different areas such as creating frien dly customer process, ensuring workers commitment to services of customers and client dialog, (James, 2009, p.12). A business attains some excellence in these areas to attain effective customer service. Businesses with better customer services comprehend that providing a superior experience for clients’ triggers loyalty and enhance combine results. ... Managers should understand and improve clients experience with their products and overall business transactions and services, (Kerr, 1996, p41). Similarly, business should streamline its resources without compromising its essentials. The company should maintain close contact with its clients on a regular manner, update them with free product and service information and ensure client satisfaction. This is because mood and perception of customers truly matters in any business transaction. For instance, if one is operating a healthcare company, he should understand that his clients are dealing with emotional aspects such as medication and illness, (Leone, 1999, p.45). Therefore, the employees should offer the client with emotional support and offer empathy dimensions to motivate and retain customers. Clientelling model is an effective mechanism used by large-scale companies. It entails pairing a client with a representative or employee who signs in the customer’s actions into the company database and meets future customer services accordingly. This is effective in creating connections with profitable customers, (Macphee, 2011, p.89). A company can improve customer service using cost-cutting strategies that balance the budget without terminating fundamental service, for instances, acting on the terms of the clients. This will involve interacting with clients in appropriate ways. Instead of employing a customer greeter whom clients mainly dismiss, the managers can instruct workers throughout the company to welcome incoming customers. This is about providing services based on the client’s terms. Additionally, create a strong customer

In-N-Out Burger Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

In-N-Out Burger - Research Paper Example Over the years, the company has remained in the hands of the Synder family. The main reason behind In-N-Out Burger’s success is that it has a simple menu and maintains a customer-friendly attitude (Funding Universe, n.d.). Simplicity was what Synder had in mind when he opened the first In-N-Out Burger store. As its name suggests, everything about the company is quick and fast. Customers can go through the drive-thru and order via a two-way speaker unit; the menu is very limited; and prices remain competitive (Funding Universe, n.d.). Slow and steady was the philosophy that made this company so great. In recent times, the company has expanded into other states such as Arizona, Utah, and Texas (In-N-Out Burger, 2012). Many experts would say that the company has failed to become a national brand because it limits itself in terms of growth. However, when Harry and his wife founded In-N-Out Burger, their desire was to â€Å"serve customers high-quality, fresh food with efficient, friendly service in a clean and tidy environment† (Funding Universe, n.d.). Synder had no aspirations for turning In-N-Out Burger into a corporate brand; this is why the company has remained family-owned to this very day. Even though Harry Synder has passed away, his legacy lives on through his children and their children. Justification for International Expansion With the struggling economy these days, In-N-Out Burger needs to consider alternatives to the current markets in which it is involved in. There is potential growth in other states around America, but with the economy so fragile, it may not be the best move. In-N-Out Burger should look further afield and try to capture some of the huge global demand for fast food. In many developing countries, people are starting to turn to fast food as their incomes grow. Of course, In-N-Out Burger would have to adopt its strategy that was so successful in California. Prices would have to be lowered so that local consumers could affo rd it. Also, cultural considerations would have to be made so that the In-N-Out Burger brand does not get a bad reputation for offending religious and/or cultural values. In-N-Out Burger has already proven that it can expand to other states within the United States, albeit at a very slow pace. However, so long as In-N-Out Burger could retain control over its foreign operations, then there is no reason to say that the company could not still hold true to its philosophy. The problem is that when most other fast food restaurants expand overseas, they do so through franchising. This would not be suitable for In-N-Out Burger because it goes against the company’s core values. If the company was going to go down the franchise route, then they should make sure that American expats are put in charge because they would understand the company’s organizational values. Country Overview The three proposed countries that In-N-Out Burger should consider expanding to are Canada, France , and Japan. Each of these countries will be evaluated in terms of the fast food industry and In-N-Out Burger’s likelihood of success. Canada In terms of culture and food preferences, Canada is very similar to the United States. This makes Canada an ideal first step towards expanding overseas. As of 2010, the Canadian fast food industry was estimated to be worth C$ 20 billion (Euromonitor International, 2011). This shows that the fast food industry in alive and well in Canada. This probably means that there are limited growth opportunities because the market is already saturated with fast food chains. Tim Horton’s, with a 26 percent market share, and McDonald’s, with a 15 percent market share, are currently the two market leaders in the fast food industry. However, because Canadian consumers already frequent

American Fast Food in Korea Essay Example for Free

American Fast Food in Korea Essay 1. Base on market information for Asia Pacific, we can made conclusion that business future in Asian region has to have bright future. With 33% of the worlds GDP and 50% of its population, Asia has emerged as a rapidly growing force in the global economy. Due to the cultural diversity, regulatory controls, growing base of consumer power and its own set of business rules, the multinational corporations (MNCs) find it challenging to enter the Asian market successfully. Most MNCs are reassessing their existing strategies or formulating new strategies to sustain their growth (4). With regional exports exceeding $1. 3 trillion, the East Asia and Pacific region’s share of trade in GDP is the highest in the world. (Global Development. Finance Report. 2006). The economy of South Korea has grown in the last 35 years. Per capita GNP only $100 in 1963, exceeded $20,000 USD in 2005. South Korea is now one of the worlds largest economies (as of 2006, it is 14th in the world according to GDP). (2). If we will compare Korean market to East Asian countries (Exhibit 1 p. 12). From report I have strong understanding that mane fast-food market in any Asian countries is in big cities. Let’s check urban population level in all Asian countries. Based on Exhibit 1 we can clearly see that Korea has one of the best Urban Population level-total population level 47. 6 million and urban population is 82%. Check GDP and GNI level. We can see that Korean level one of the highest in the Asia. Nominal GDP (2005 est. ): $811. 1 billion. GDP growth rate: 2003, 3. 1%; 2004, 4. 6%; 2005, 4. 0%. Per capita GNI (2004): $14, 162. (5). In 1997 Korea had some serious economic crises and faced sever difficulties. After some structural reforms in Korean government, economy starts to recovery. Already In 2001 Korea was 13th largest economy in the world with GNP of $398 billion. So based on all information from above I can make conclusion that Korea has good future and it is one of the most promising market in Asian region. 2. Porters Five Forces have become a yardstick for assessing industry profitability. They are ?Buyers/customers power ?Suppliers power ?Rivalry among competitors ?Threat of new entrants ?Threat of substitute products I will try to analyze each one, for Korean fast food market. Buyers ‘power. The power of buyers is the impact that customers have on fast food industry. Buyers could be powerful in different circumstances. I believe that in our case we can say that buyers are concentrated. As I could explain earlier, main per cent of population in Korea are in the big cities. Its give us good idea that for fast food industry in this region will be easier to delivery product to the customers. Buyers purchase the significant proportion of output. Suppliers power. A fast food industry require raw material for there business-labor, components. It leads to buyer-supplier relationship between the fast food industry and the firms that provide it the raw materials used to create products. Suppliers are powerful if they are concentrated- it will be really expensive to switch the supplier. From another side suppliers are week if it will be many suppliers with standard product on the market Korean agriculture sector includes forestry and fisheries. National products are rice, vegetables, fruit, root crops, barley; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs, fish. About 20% of the land used for agricultural busyness (5). From here we can understand that for fast food companies will be easy to find or switch the suppliers without problems for there businesses. Threat of new entrants. The possibility that new firms may enter the industry also affects competition. In theory any firm should be able to enter and exit market. And if free entrance and exit exists, than profit always should be nominal. There are some barriers of entry. Easy to entry if: little brand franchise; access to distribution channels; common technology. On Korean market steal not allot firms with brand franchise. And it is big requirement in new choices for customers. It let us know that it will be easy to enter to the market. Threat of substitute products. Product price elasticity is affected by substitute products-as more substitute become available, the demand becomes more elastic since customers have more alternatives. A close substitute product constrains the ability of firms in an industry to raise prices. In our case we can see example of some firms, Lotteria and McDonalds, who easy change there recipes for Korean customers which needs more healthy national ingredients for there food. Rivalry among competitors. In pursuing an advantage over its rivals, a firm can choose from several competitive moves: changing prices; improving product; creatively using channels of distribution; exploiting relationship with supplier. For firm who will try to enter Korean market, I would say more realistic and more helpful move will be to improve products. Improving quality of materials, quality of services, and probably quality of food preparation technology (healthier environment), will be most important key to success on the Korean fest food market. 3. Urban Koreans eat out frequently. Fast paced lifestyles are driving Koreans to choose western-style fast-food, but healthy eating is a concern. These factors are driving a fast growing market for sandwich store franchising (3). Another important factor is that about 75%-80% fast food customers are young people whose age less than 20 year old. It is mean that â€Å"along with westernization of Korean taste, western chain gained in popularity†. In the past, people seeking a fast meal would have been satisfied by fast-food giants like McDonalds or Burger King, but it is changing. Consumers are seeking different choices. This new requirements has opened doors for a steadily growing market for fresh and healthy sandwich businesses. Lotteria is a local hamburger franchiser and is the fast-food market leader in Korea. From 2002 to 2003 Lotteria experienced a sharp sales drop of 40%. However, a strong contrast was seen in the South Korean sandwich market, as its $41. 20 million1 market value in the second quarter of 2003 doubled to $82. 40 million in the fourth quarter. This dramatic growth is forecast to continue, and the anticipated market value for 2004 is $117. 71 million (3) Besides Lotteria, the local franchisers include Sandday, Sandpresso and Sand Food. In response to the aggressive foreign companies, they are also coming up with strategies to secure their position within the market, and the competition is about to heat up. Based on all this information I would say that fast food business in Korea growing and this will continue until people need more choices. 4Globalization is the key to sustained growth for Yum Company! Brands, the world’s biggest quick-service restaurant company headquartered in the United States and managing five fast food brands KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, AW and Long John Silver’s. Demand for fast food is rising because lifestyles are changing,’’ said Allan, who leads overseas operations outside of the U. S.and China, in a recent interview with The Korea Times. More Koreans are being time pressured than they were historically. This trend is happening here. The number of people eating ready made food is continuing to increase. ’’(Graham Allan, president of Yum! Restaurants International. 11. 06. 2006) (6). As a socially responsible company, the 51-year-old executive said Yum will provide more optional dishes to health-conscious consumers amid a well-being spree in the nation, but will not abandon its traditional concept of great taste. ’’ Under his leadership, Allan said he will target an annual growth of 10 percent or more in operating profits. There are about 250 Pizza Hut delivery outlets in the nation, which are set to expand to over 400. Korea makes up about 5 percent of Yum’s international division sales, which amount to some $11 billion half of the group’s overall system sales. If I were business consultant, I would recommend starting making money on Korean fast food market. The new trend is propelling growth in the franchising market. It is anticipated that the market will experience intense competition for the next couple years. New fast food companies should be able to take advantage of the situation and enter the market without much difficulty, while it is still at an early stage of development. Reference page: 1. http://www. iff. com/Internet. nsf/0/B7A5C7E9B662B52685256D02006683DA 2. http://www. answers. com/topic/economy-of-south-korea 3. http://ats. agr. ca/asia/3879_e. htm 4. www. berkeleyabc. org/2006/ 5. http://www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2800. htm 6. http://times. hankooki. com/lpage/biz/200611/kt2006110617463411890. htm.

The Preatorian Guard Essay -- History, Emperors of Rome

Introduction Their name alone invokes many vivid images; from heroic men clad in Roman red iron to bloody battlefields, where they stand disciplined and ordered while chaos reigns all around, and even of the quiet corridors of the Emperors’ palace, where a change in power and leadership is only a blade thrust away. These fierce and hardy men formed the iconic symbol of the Ancient Roman Army: the Praetorian Guard. Rigid and unwavering, these soldiers were the bodyguards of the most powerful men in the ancient world: The Emperors of Rome. Formally created in 23 BC by Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus the Praetorian Guard Served as Bodyguards for the Emperors, About nine cohorts of five hundred men each formed the early Praetorian Guard; they were stationed right outside the center of Rome. The Praetorian Guard were recruited primarily from central Italy, unlike most of the Roman Army, the Guards were made up of all Italian citizens and they are referred to as â€Å"the true-born sons of Italy† by Piso the chosen heir of Galba. â€Å"The Praetorians therefore became the symbolic living descendants of the glorious Roman past† (Wasileski 32).The Praetorians were thought to be the Emperors’ symbol of power â€Å"The Praetorians were a visible symbol of that [Emperor’s] force in the Capital† (Wasileski 1). The transition from Bodyguard to Political Power gave the Praetorian Guard a sense of power, especially the Praetorian Prefects Most of the infamous stories surrounding the Praetorian Guards assassinating their emperors are in fact only about a few guards following a very ambitious Praetorian Prefect. Praetorian Prefects usually do not serve with Praetorian’s before taking command. They are mainly administrators for the Guard and most do not have ... ...ki 20). It also should be known that the Praetorian Guard was still a personal bodyguard and on most occasions they served their Emperors faithfully and they actually helped keep the peace and continued to do their duty to the Emperor overall. However with the realization of their political powers the Praetorian Prefects will use the Praetorian Guard to affect what happens behind the palace doors more frequently and more suiting to their own agendas. Those loyal and heroic men of the Guard are slowly being turned into infamous tools used to further corrupt ambitions and disloyal treasons. Though despite all of the bribes and corruption the Guard will always be that awe striking symbol for Roman might, they will always be remembered as the Emperor’s right hand. They will always take their place in the hallowed annals of history as the Emperor’s elite bodyguards.

Jose Rizal’s Poem and Writings

Why did Rizal write the following poems and essays? * To the Philippine Youth. He wrote this to emphasize that the youth is the hope of our nation and that they should be educated to help in the progress of the country. He also included that Filipino should love their own mother tongue. * My First Inspiration. This was written by Rizal to teach us that our mother should be our first inspiration as our mother is the one who bear us and gives us the support from the very beginning.Our mother is also our first teacher. * Love of Country. This was written by Rizal to remind us that we must love our own motherland and as Filipinos we should somehow sacrifice ourselves for our country. * A Remembrance for My Town. This was written by Rizal for us Filipinos to be reminded that we should not forget our fatherland where we came from and the cultures we are used to and values we are taught of. * Through Education, Our Motherland Receives Life.Rizal wrote this to open our minds that as the Fili pino acquires education, he can help the country in seeking freedom and improving the life of the Filipinos. * To the Flowers of Heidelberg. Rizal wrote this while he was in Heidelberg as they were having their tour, wherein the flowers blooming in Heidelberg reminds him of his garden in Calamba * My Retreat. This poem was written in account of Rizal’s mother’s request to revive his interest in writing poems.Here, he portrayed how serene his life was while he is in exile. Rizal clearly expressed his acceptance of his fate and that justice will overcome in the end. * A Letter to Young Women of Malolos. This famous essay was written to commend the young women of Malolos for their courage to establish a school where they could learn Spanish despite the opposition of the parish priest Fr. Garcia.This essay also contains Rizal’s ultimate desire which is for the Filipino women to have the same opportunity enjoyed by men in terms of education since education will unsha ckle the women. * My Last Farewell. This poem was written by Rizal showing his spirit of fairness and justice. This is his farewell to his native land which he gladly offers his life. In this poem, it depicts that he faced his death calmly for he was aware that he is going to a place where there are no claves and God reigns supreme.

Essay for the Sandpiper Essay

Tragedy, in multiple views leads to grief, misery and may even cause emotional desensitization. However this solely depends on the cause of such tragedy. A simple tragedy exists as a result of the irony of combining diverse religion and cultures and is especially expressed in the story â€Å"Sandpiper†. Here author Ahdaf Soueif expresses cultural differences through the breaking relationship of a European writer and her Egyptian husband. Acquiescent undermine passivity Being the protagonist, the narrator becomes the view point character in the story and this is where audience criticisms take place. From the beginning she seems to display a sort of weakness and compliance towards events; watching the waves swoop back into the sea; conforming to her lack of work and loss of identity ; â€Å"watching (her husband) vanish†, and watching her daughter â€Å"grow away† from herself. The sand image, as the story opens portrays her compliance-The way she did not wish to o bstruct nature`s pattern of â€Å"one grain of sand† because of her movement. Later as Um Sabir (her â€Å"husband`s old nanny†) prevents her from doing any work, her feminine independence also appears to be deplored yet she simply accepts this fact and though seeming solemn, does not take any action. The reader soon becomes critical about such fragility. Notice how the writer mentions -â€Å"watch† her husband vanish. Due to her foreignness, she seemed to slowly fade away from her and her husband`s relationship and displays severe grief. However it appears indeed so absurd for the reader, because this narrator does not develop any sort of resistance to her dilemma. Furthermore her despondency grows gradually, and it seems that her daughter is being torn away from her the same way as with her husband. She simply pines her heart and the narrator grows a sort of dissent for the protagonist. Sandpiper a coastal bird which cannot fly too high nor too far from the co astal region (due to its habitat and feeding habits) is a perfect name for this story it seems. The way the protagonist’s life appears limited and restricted is definitely the main cause. However the reader may wonder why the narrator does not rebel to this lifestyle. There may be numerous causes. Firstly notice the narrators patience as she sits by the beach observing the water`s â€Å"frilled white edge nibbling at the sand†. As she displays no qualms to her situations (for example being deprived of work as previously mentioned) it seems she still retains hope- of a happy lifestyle. This exaggerated patience she conforms, may perhaps be one of the reason she does not rebel. Another may be simply her love of and to sustain the happiness of her daughter. These causes all sum to the habitat and ability of a â€Å"Sandpiper†, its only restrictions. Therefore it seems that the protagonist subsists in a self imposed jail, like a sandpiper and indeed does not soar beyond the beach which could momentarily give access to another sort of freedom, mentally, from her own conscience. However if we pay attention to the situation the author rejects such criticisms-instead condemning the readers as absurd. Certainly following different cultures is not the protagonists fault. The consistent confusion and grief of the narrator’s situation is perhaps the cause of her helplessness. This way the author deems the protagonist as universal for humans; which either are NOT exceptions, to displaying similar responses, in such emotionally grim situations and though her image is portrayed as weak it is not held true to how we asses her. In some way the writer creates ambivalent views one portraying the theme of ‘fate’ and the other ‘free will’. A customary feature, to be noticed in this story is the authors unvarying image of the beach. Obviously this picture signifies the present and therefore, perhaps, alludes to the narrators ‘drifting’ thoughts. It also seems, the descriptions of the sand and the sea reflect her emotions. As the story opens, observe the serene albeit somewhat somber, descriptions (of the beach), in the past participle: â€Å"I used to see patterns†¦I did not want †¦. I used to sit†. Definitely the narrator is affectionately looking back at nostalgia, yet with regret. Her emotions drift in melancholy as a compliant stream of conscience guides her and suddenly we imagine a somber weak character, in passivity to not stir a single â€Å"grain of sand† from its ‘natural’ pattern. This is where the readers display an interest to this character`s matters. Slowly her emotions begin to frill as the descriptions become gradually violent –â€Å"the sea unceasingly shifts†¦surges forward with a low growl†¦ like thousand snakes† .By now the reader is absorbed into the persona`s feelings. The usage of the personal pronoun â€Å"I† becomes highly universal to the reader and definitely induces sympathy. Finally, as she â€Å"revert(s) to (the) dry grains that would easily brush away† the emotions are returned to the previous serenity however now there seems to be a hint of pain, a hint of helplessness. This way the writer skillfully attains the reader`s attention to the story, and somewhat forth shadows incidents in the story, pertaining to the emotions. Hereby the atmosphere seems so somber, so calm; slowly the reader drifts in with the thoughts of the writer. What the reader may also take notice, with hindsight, is that perhaps Soueif uses this initial beach image as an extended metaphor for the life of the narrator; as in the beginning her life was filled with bliss (in love with her husband), which suddenly changed to desperation and somewhat anger (as he slowly â€Å"slip away† from her) and finally grief (of the freedom she lost). Proactive pragmatic The next imagery of the beach occurs after she mentions the second summer at the â€Å"beach house west of Alexandria†. Here the narrator utilizes the sand and the sea as symbols for her husband and herself, the way these two entities seemed to â€Å"meet and flirt and touch† and establishes the theme of love . However, reading between the lines, perhaps the writer forth shadows a sort of obscurity in the relationship. Notice how the sand and the sea simply â€Å"meet† metaphorically indicating love; although away from this â€Å"edge† such love does not seem to prevail as the sea and the sand form a tight boundary. Also the sea consistently â€Å"drifts† and the sand itself shifts, especially with the pressure of the waves: perhaps the author accentuates fluid emotions which flow and â€Å"shift† with due time and therefore depicts this couple to slowly â€Å"drift† apart from each other. This way another theme, of relativity of time and emotion is established here. The ending of the story also prevails with this beach image. It seems the narrator is back to the present and this picture plays the greatest significance as she sees â€Å"different things from those 6 years ago†. Now she appears calmer yet more melancholic. The reader can effective ly perceive such emotion; especially in the lines â€Å"the last of the foam is swallowed bubbling into the sand† and â€Å"with each ebb of green water the sand looses part of itself to the sea†. This definitely feels somber; as if love is being persistently broken down by the force of nature. Realistically, it seems such force subsists as cultural pressure. Where the couple belonging to 2 different cultures altogether formed such a relationship, the narrators â€Å"foreignness†¦began to irritate him (her husband)†. Cultural pressure and foreign tensions arise as a conflict due to the ignorance of each other`s culture and perhaps a development in this slowly weakened their relationships. Not only does the husband feel irate yet this deplored the protagonist`s freedom- â€Å"I tried at first at least to help, but she would†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ease the duster or the vacuum cleaner from my hand†. Coming back to the coastal descriptions, note how the author mentions â€Å"the†¦foam is swallowed bubbling into the sand† and how these two bodies meet but never ‘mix’. Probably the author, here portrays the theme of immiscibility. As sea and sand are immiscible it appears the foreignness and its resultant family tensions never intended a strong relationship; the love of both the narrator and her husband was immiscible, which would interact, yet as easily drift away. Perhaps this way the author undermines the system of religion. Indeed such a trivial matter, as exemplified is the commencement of weak relations and eventually such tragedies; for certainly, every being strays ethnocentric and this simple arrogance leads to major conflicts. This is later supported as the narrator finally questions-â€Å"But what do the waves know of the massed, hot, still sands of the desert? And what does the beach know of the depths, the cold currents†¦where the water turns a deeper blue.† .Duplicity is heavily prevalent due to ignorance of other religion, and like the sand and the sea it extends massively. What the writer Ahdaf Soueif is attempting to accentuate is that this concept of worldly cultures actually constructs a sort of mistrust amongst others and its great irony is exhibited in the form of this story Another image which we can relate to this theme is the difficulty, even dislike the wife shows towards adapting to a different culture. During the second summer at the beach house the narrator mentions her nostalgia of her hometown (Europe as Georgian sq uare is mentioned) and â€Å"misses† her time spent there. The moment this is mentioned suspicion rises in the readers mind; of her happiness following the new culture. She does display a sort of irritation as she is not allowed to work at home. Finally (later) she appears to complain- â€Å"my foreignness†¦my inability to remember name†¦struggles with his (her husband’s) language†, etc. Definitely the author is attempting to depict another cultural pressure here; despite the passage of time, evidently she depicts, that the wife has problems shifting to the new culture. Ironically, though, this foreignness actually appealed her husband yet now repelled him. LorDhRUv